Know!
How your computer works?
You have been studying about the parts of your computer but today,
I am going to tell you about how your computer works means the logical
structure of your computer.
We all know everything in our universe needs input to give output.
Let’s take an example of humans we need food and necessary things like
proteins, carbohydrates, fats etc. Then the process is done like transporting
of necessary things to every part of our body and finally then we get able to
do work .We need food as input and we do our necessary works for our livelihood
is output. In our case, input- food and output- work. Like this computer needs
input (instructions, statements, coding, etc.) to give output.
Let’s know when we give input to receive output, then what happens
inside your computer. You know that computer works under the principle of ‘IPO’
means, INPUT⇨PROCESS⇨OUTPUT.
1.
Input units- This unit is
formed by the input devices (keyboard, MICR, OMR, etc.) these devices are
responsible for taking input and converting the input in computer
understandable language. Since a computer operates on electricity, it can
understand only the language of electricity i.e., either ON or OFF or high
voltage or low voltage. It means computer can understand two stages ON/OFF or
HIGH/LOW voltage or the binary language that uses just two symbols: 1 for ON
and 0 for OFF. Ex:
|
S.NO
|
Input
|
Data
|
Instruction
|
|
1.
|
Add 2 and 3
|
2,3
|
Add
|
|
2.
|
Print”Helloworld”
|
“Helloworld”
|
Print
|
2.
Output units- This unit is
formed by the output devices (Monitors, Printers, Speakers, etc.). The output
coming from CPU is in the form of electronic binary signals which needs
conversion in some form which can be easily understood by human beings and this
is the function of output devices.
The CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The biggest and the main part of our computer
and is also known as brain of our computer is called CPU.As human beings have
brain to guide, direct, govern and
control our body likewise computers have CPU to control, direct, govern ,guide
themselves.
There are many sub-components of CPU that help
to carry out the processing task given to CPU. They are:
1.
Arithmetic Logic
Unit (ALU)- This unit of CPU
performs all types of arithmetic operations(+,-,*,/) and some logical
operations(<,>,<=,>=,=,!=). When the operation is done the data is
send from memory to ALU where the operation takes place and then the result is
send back to memory. Likewise, logical operations take place and the result
given is either TRUE or FALSE.
2.
Control Unit
(CU)- This unit
controls and explanation of data and manipulation of all data and information.
Until the work is not done properly by ALU and memory CU continues to send
control signals. Another important function of CU is program execution i.e.,
carrying out all the instruction in program, one after the other. After getting
instructions from memory the instructions are decoded and interpreted.
3.
Registers- This is the small
unit of data holding places. The CPU uses registers to hold some important
processing-data information during the process.
The Memory
Well a computer have a brain (CPU) so it will
also have a memory but, the memory of a computer is much different than memory
of human beings. We can remember our past at any time, any incidence at any
place but, computer can remember till it’s switched on thereafter it cannot
remember the past. If the program processed in it is not saved it cannot remind
it after switch OFF.
The memory consider of small ‘cells’ named as
bits and bits mean binary digit i.e., 0 or 1, this is an elementary unit of
memory.
These bits together combine and store data and
instructions.
When eight bits combine they make byte “the
smallest unit which can represent a data”.
Some units of computer memory measurement
|
Unit
|
Name
|
|
1 bit
|
Binary Digit( Bit)
|
|
8 bits
|
Byte(1 Byte)
|
|
210(1024 bytes)
|
Kilo Byte(1 KB)
|
|
210(1024 KB)
|
Mega Byte(1 MB)
|
|
210(1024 MB)
|
Giga Byte(1 GB)
|
|
210(1024 GB)
|
Terra Byte(1 TB)
|
|
210(1024 TB)
|
Peta Byte(1 PB)
|
|
210(1024 PB)
|
Exa Byte(1 EB)
|
|
210(1024 EB)
|
Zetta Byte(1 ZB)
|
Parts of Main
Memory (Primary Memory)
The main memory can be divided into two parts:
1.
RAM (Random Access Memory) - In this type of
memory we can information transfer can be done through memory cells.
2.
Rom (Read Only Memory) - This type of memory
performs only read operations.
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