HOW A COMPUTER WORKS....SIMPLEST EXPLANATION

                          Know!

                                           How your computer works?

You have been studying about the parts of your computer but today, I am going to tell you about how your computer works means the logical structure of your computer.

We all know everything in our universe needs input to give output. Let’s take an example of humans we need food and necessary things like proteins, carbohydrates, fats etc. Then the process is done like transporting of necessary things to every part of our body and finally then we get able to do work .We need food as input and we do our necessary works for our livelihood is output. In our case, input- food and output- work. Like this computer needs input (instructions, statements, coding, etc.) to give output.

Let’s know when we give input to receive output, then what happens inside your computer. You know that computer works under the principle of ‘IPO’ means, INPUT⇨PROCESS⇨OUTPUT.

1.     Input units- This unit is formed by the input devices (keyboard, MICR, OMR, etc.) these devices are responsible for taking input and converting the input in computer understandable language. Since a computer operates on electricity, it can understand only the language of electricity i.e., either ON or OFF or high voltage or low voltage. It means computer can understand two stages ON/OFF or HIGH/LOW voltage or the binary language that uses just two symbols: 1 for ON and 0 for OFF. Ex:

S.NO	Input	Data	Instruction
1.	Add 2 and 3	2,3	Add
2.	Print”Helloworld”	“Helloworld”	Print

2.     Output units- This unit is formed by the output devices (Monitors, Printers, Speakers, etc.). The output coming from CPU is in the form of electronic binary signals which needs conversion in some form which can be easily understood by human beings and this is the function of output devices.

                           The CPU (Central Processing Unit)   

The biggest and the main part of our computer and is also known as brain of our computer is called CPU.As human beings have brain to  guide, direct, govern and control our body likewise computers have CPU to control, direct, govern ,guide themselves.

There are many sub-components of CPU that help to carry out the processing task given to CPU. They are:

1.     Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)-   This unit of CPU performs all types of arithmetic operations(+,-,*,/) and some logical operations(<,>,<=,>=,=,!=). When the operation is done the data is send from memory to ALU where the operation takes place and then the result is send back to memory. Likewise, logical operations take place and the result given is either TRUE or FALSE.

2.     Control Unit (CU)-  This unit controls and explanation of data and manipulation of all data and information. Until the work is not done properly by ALU and memory CU continues to send control signals. Another important function of CU is program execution i.e., carrying out all the instruction in program, one after the other. After getting instructions from memory the instructions are decoded and interpreted.

3.     Registers- This is the small unit of data holding places. The CPU uses registers to hold some important processing-data information during the process.

                                              The Memory

Well a computer have a brain (CPU) so it will also have a memory but, the memory of a computer is much different than memory of human beings. We can remember our past at any time, any incidence at any place but, computer can remember till it’s switched on thereafter it cannot remember the past. If the program processed in it is not saved it cannot remind it after switch OFF.

The memory consider of small ‘cells’ named as bits and bits mean binary digit i.e., 0 or 1, this is an elementary unit of memory.

These bits together combine and store data and instructions.

When eight bits combine they make byte “the smallest unit which can represent a data”.

       

                    Some units of computer memory measurement

               

Unit	Name
1 bit	Binary Digit( Bit)
8 bits	Byte(1 Byte)
210(1024 bytes)	Kilo Byte(1 KB)
210(1024  KB)	Mega Byte(1 MB)
210(1024 MB)	Giga Byte(1 GB)
210(1024 GB)	Terra Byte(1 TB)
210(1024 TB)	Peta Byte(1 PB)
210(1024 PB)	Exa Byte(1 EB)
210(1024 EB)	Zetta Byte(1 ZB)

  

 

                               

  Parts of Main Memory (Primary Memory)

The main memory can be divided into two parts:

1.     RAM (Random Access Memory) - In this type of memory we can information transfer can be done through memory cells.

2.     Rom (Read Only Memory) - This type of memory performs only read operations.

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